Consensus Notes Retail sales in September dropped 1.5 percent after a 2.2 percent spike the month before. The decline was led by a 10.4 percent plunge in auto sales after a 7.8 percent boost in August. But outside of autos, sales were mostly healthy. Excluding motor vehicles, retail sales advanced 0.5 percent, following a 1.0 percent jump in August. Looking ahead, an October rebound in unit new motor vehicle sales points to a headline gain for retail sales for the month with higher gasoline prices also coming into play. But outside of autos and gasoline, retail sales are likely to be sluggish.
Highlights
The October jump in overall sales was led by a 7.4 percent rebound in auto sales after a 14.3 percent plunge in September. Excluding motor vehicles, retail sales improved 0.2 percent, following a 0.4 percent rise in September. The latest number was lower than the consensus forecast for a 0.4 percent gain in October. Excluding motor vehicles and gasoline, retail sales increased 0.3 percent, matching September's gain. Gasoline surprisingly was flat in October, following a 0.9 percent increase the month before.
Outside autos and gasoline, sales were mixed. On the positive side, the biggest gainers were food services & drinking places, up 1.2 percent; nonstore retailers; and miscellaneous store retailers, up 0.9 percent. Two of the biggest losers were those still suffering from the slump in housing. Building materials & garden equipment dropped 2.4 percent while furniture & home furnishings slipped 0.8 percent. Sporting goods, hobby, book, & music store sales fell 1.2 percent.
Overall retail sales on a year-ago basis in October improved sharply to down 1.7 percent, from down 6.3 percent in September. Excluding motor vehicles, the year-on-year rate increased to minus 2.6 percent in October from down 5.3 percent the prior month. The significant improvement in October was due both to a drop in the baseline in October 2008 and the rise in October 2009.
Based on the core of total less autos and gasoline, sales are sluggish although the components were mixed. Today's report shows the consumer still cautious about spending and should weigh on equities-especially with a significantly below expectations showing by the simultaneously release of Empire State manufacturing.
Definition Retail sales measure the total receipts at stores that sell durable and nondurable goods. Consumer spending accounts for two-thirds of GDP and is therefore a key element in economic growth.
Why Investor's Care Consumer spending accounts for more than two-thirds of the economy, so if you know what consumers are up to, you'll have a pretty good handle on where the economy is headed. Needless to say, that's a big advantage for investors.
The pattern in consumer spending is often the foremost influence on stock and bond markets. For stocks, strong economic growth translates to healthy corporate profits and higher stock prices. For bonds, the focus is whether economic growth goes overboard and leads to inflation. Ideally, the economy walks that fine line between strong growth and excessive (inflationary) growth. Retail sales not only give you a sense of the big picture, but also the trends among different types of retailers. Perhaps auto sales are especially strong or apparel sales are showing exceptional weakness. These trends from the retail sales data can help you spot specific investment opportunities, without having to wait for a company's quarterly or annual report.
Balance was achieved through much of the nineties. For this reason alone, investors in the stock and bond markets enjoyed huge gains during the bull market of the 1990s. Retail sales growth did slow down in tandem with the equity market in 2000 and 2001, but then rebounded at a healthy pace between 2003 and 2005. By 2007, the credit crunch was well underway and starting to undermine growth in consumer spending. Later in 2008 and 2009, the rise in unemployment and loss of income during the recession also cut into retail sales.
Importance Retail sales are a major indicator of consumer spending trends because they account for nearly one-half of total consumer spending and approximately one-third of aggregate economic activity.
Interpretation Strong retail sales are bearish for the bond market, but favorable for the stock market, particularly retail stocks. Sluggish retail sales could lead to a bond market rally, but will probably be bearish for the stock market.
Retail sales are subject to substantial month-to-month variability. In order to provide a more accurate picture of the consumer spending trend, follow the three-month moving average of the monthly percent changes or the year-over-year percent change. Retail sales are also subject to substantial monthly revisions, which makes it more difficult to discern the underlying trend. This problem underscores the need to monitor the moving average rather than just the latest one month of data.
In an attempt to avoid the more extreme volatility, economists and financial market participants monitor retail sales less autos (actually less auto dealers which include trucks, too.) Motor vehicle sales are excluded not because they are irrelevant, but because they fluctuate more than overall retail sales.
Watch for changes in food and energy prices which could affect two large components among nondurable goods stores: food stores and gasoline service stations. Large declines in food or energy prices could lead to declines in store sales which are due to price, not volume. This would mean that real sales were stronger than nominal dollar sales.
Since economic performance depend on real, rather than nominal growth rates, compare the trend growth rate in retail sales to that in the CPI for commodities.
Frequency Monthly.
Source Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Availability Mid-month.
Coverage Data are for the previous month. Data for June are released in July.